V STD – IV A/B   Computer Chapter – 1 History of Computer Chapter – 2 Mastering Paint Chapter – 3 Input , output and storage Units

 

 

2. 2. Answer the following questions.
3. For what reason Pascal developed his calculating machine?

Ans. Pascal invented this machine to help his father in tax calculation.

2. Who invented Punch Card and when ?

Ans. Panch card was invented by French engineer and architect Joseph Mary Jacquard in 1801.

3. How simple calculations are done by ABACUS ?

Ans. ABACUS is divided into two parts where beads are arranged many simple calculation can be performed by moving beads in particular position.

4. What is the name of world's first digital computer?

Ans. The name of world’s first digital Computer is electronic numerical integrated and calculator was the first digital Computer.

5. What was invented by John Napier?

Ans. John Napier invented logarithm in 16^th century.

6. Who invented Mark-1 and when ?

Ans. Havard Ikan invented Mark – 1 Computer in 1944.

7. Approximately how many diodes and capacitors were used by ENIAC?

Ans. Diodes – 10000

          Capacitors – 7000

8. Why could Charles Babbage not make his mechanical computer?

Ans. Charles Babbage not make his mechanical Computer becyof lack of financial and government support.

9. Who developed EDVAC?

Ans. John Mauchly and J.P. Eckert developed EDVAC.

10. Write the names of two main parts of Analytical Engine.

Ans. Store and mill are two main parts of analytical engine.

 

Q.3. Match A with B

A	Ans	B
John Napier	Scottish Mathematician	Very old device for calculation
ENIAC	First Digital Computer	Machine invented by Pascal
Charles Babbage	Analytical Engine	John von Neumann as consultant
ABACUS	Very old device for calculation	First Digital Computer
Mark - 1	Machine invented by Pascal	Analytical Engine
EDVAC	John von Neumann as consultant	Scottish Mathematician

 

Q.4. say whether the following sentences are True or False.

 

1. ENIAC is still used in some parts of China. False
2. The data can be stored in punch card by making holes at certain position. True
3. Multiplication and division can be solved by easy addition and subtraction using Napier's Bones. True
4. Pascal made MARK-1 to help his father. False
5. Grace Hopper was the first lady to write programs for MARK-1. True
6. ENIAC was developed at the University of Pennsylvania in America. True
7. Charles Babbage is known as the father of modern computer. True

 

8. Write the full form of IBM.
9. EDVAC was used during 1951 and 1961. True
10. Bill Gates is the president of IBM. False

 

Q.5. Answer the following questions in details.

 

1. Give detail of components used by ENIAC.

Ans. Vaccum tubes – 18000, Diades – 7000, Resistors – 70000, Capacitors – 10000, Switches – 60000.

2. Write a short note on Punch Card.

Ans. French engineer and architect Joseph Mary Jacquard invented punch card during 1801. The data can be stored in punch card by making holes at particular position punch card was first device capable of shorting data.

3. Write a list of devices invented before modern computers.

Ans. ABACUS, Napier Bones, Pascal’s Mechanical Calculator Pascaline,  Punch card, Analytical Engineer, Mark – 1, ENIAC, EDVAC.

4. Write notes on Mark-1 computer.

Ans. Havard Ikan an American scientist developed a big room size calculating machine in 1944. This machine is known as Mark – 1 this was the first program computer.

5. What is 'Pascaline'? How was it invented ?

Ans. A French scientist Pascal developed this machine in 1645. He invented this machine to help his father in tax calculation. This is known as pascaline it can perform addition and subtraction very easily.

6. Write short note on EDVAC.

Ans. The design work of EDVAC was proposed by John Mauchly and J.P. Eckert in 1944. EDVAC was the binary Computer and used form 1951 to 1961.

7. What can be done using Napier's Bones?

Ans. Using Napier Bones a complex calculation of multiplication and division can be performed by addition and subtraction.

8. Write a short note on IBM.

Ans. During 1960s IBM grew very dominant and was selling more Computer than any other company. Till 1980 IBM was the only company selling highest number of Computer. Microsoft developed PC – DOS for IBM and kept the copy right with them.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter – 2 Mastering Paint

 

Q.1. Fill In the blanks using an appropriate option

1. Paint button is like a file menu.
2. Ctrl + O short cut key is used to open an existing Paint file.
3. Properties option is used to change the height and width of the Paint drawing area.
4. Paint Ribbon has 2 tabs.

5.pencil tool of Paint is used to select a color which is not available in the Color Box of Paint.

6. Edit colors is used to select a color which is not in the Colon Box of Paint.
7. Resize option of image group of paint is used to reduce or enlarge the selected part.
8. Eraser tool of paint is used to erase unwanted part of the drawing.
9. Paste form option of clipboard group is used to import a ready made drawing.
10. Enlarge is used to enlarge the part of the paint drawing.

 

 

 

 

 

Q.2. say whether the following sentences are True or False.

 

1. By default Paint file is saved with .bmp extension. False
2. There are total 21 tools in Shapes group of Paint. False
3. Size group is used to change the thickness of lines in Paint. True
4. The Thumbnail option is activated when we Zoom Out. False
5. The Status Bar of Paint can not be closed. False
6. Gridlines help us to draw any shape perfectly. True

7.It is not possible to come out of Full Screen of Paint. False

8. Rotate option of Image group is used to remove the unwanted part of the drawing. False
9. Cloud callout' is a name of the Paint tool. True
10. Paint drawing can be set the Desktop background without saving it. False

 

 

Q.3. Answer the following questions.

 

1. Explain the importance of Quick Access Toolbar.

Ans. Quick Access Toolbar shows the buttons which we need to use frequently. By default it shows save, undo and Redo buttons. You can also move the quick access Toolbar below the Ribbon can also hide the Ribbon.

2. Discuss any five options available in paint button.

Ans. The 5 options available in paint are:

 New- This option is used to open ci blank file to create new drawing.

Open - This option is used to open ein exiting drawing.

Save -  This option is used to Save the current drawing.

Save as - This option is used to save the document with different file extension.

 Print - This option is used to print the current drawing.

3. What is the use of outline and fill option of Shapes group of Paint ?

Ans. The outline options you can select the different types of outline for the shape you want to draw. The fill option is used Select the different types of fill options.

4. What is the use of colour Picker' tool of Paint ?

Ans. Color Picker used to pick a color from the drawing area and to use it for the further drawing.

5. What is the use of 'Invert selection" option of Image group ?

Ans. Invert selection: This option will revert the selection and the select part will be deselected and the other part will get Selected.

6. How to set a paint drawing as windows – 7 desktop background..

Ans. Prepare a drawing in paint or open drawing which is already prepared Make Sure that the drawing is Saved because only Save drawing can be set as window 7 desktop background Select set as desktop background option from the paint button as shown here

7. Explain in detail about the fill with color tool.

Ans. Fill with colon used to fill a closed shape with fop ground color i.e. color.

• By clicking inside the shape you can fill the shape with back ground color

 

• By night clicking inside the shape.

 

8. For what purpose the 'view' tab of Paint can be used ?

Ans.  Zoom group has three buttons namely ZOOM in,  ZOOM out and 100%.

• ZOOM in - This option is used to zoom in (Magnify) the pant of the drawing.
• ZOOM Out - This option is used to zoom out (reduce) the part of the drawing.
• 100% - This option brings the drawing to its original size.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q.4. Differential.

1. Paste and paste from.

Paste	Paste From
Paste option is used to paste text or graphic which you have selected using cut or copy command.	Paste from is used to import a ready made drawing from other file.

 

2. Save and Save as.

Save	Save as
Save option is used to save the current drawing.	Save as option is used to save your paint drawing with different file extension like .jpeg, bmp, .gif etc. By default the paint file is saved with .png extension.

 

 

 

 

 

3. New and open.

New	Open
This option is used to open a blank file to create a new drawing.	This option is used to open an existing drawing.

 

4. Rectangular selection and free-form section.

Rectangular selection	Free-form section
Using rectangular selection you can select part of the drawing in rectangle shape.	Using free-form section, you can select part of the drawing in any shape you want.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. Resize and Rotate

Resize	Rotate
This option is used to reduce of enlarge the selected part of the drawing by changing its horizontal and vertical values.	This option is used to rotate or flip the selected part of the drawing you can rotate the select part of drawing with 90° degree on left or right side and you can also rotate it by 180° degree you can also flip the selection vertically or horizontally.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter – 3 Input, Output and Storage Units

 

Q.1. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate options.

1. The devices which can be connected with completer can be classified in 3 Categories.

2.Touch Screen Computer are kept at railway Station to get different information on our own.

3. Driving license ATM card, etc. are examples of Smart card.

4.Barcode Reader is an input device.

5. Hard Disk has More than one metal disk.
6. A Projectors can be used as a home theater.
7. A touch screen is an I/O device.
8. A smart card is used to Store confidential data.
9. The output of Dot Matrix Printer is not Very sharp and good.
10. HDD is fixed inside computer.

 

Q.2. Say whether the following statements are True or False.

1. To control the arrow on screen mouse has to be moved on a touchpad. False

2 Web camera can not be used for security purpose. False

3. DVD drive is kept inside CPU. True
4. Barcode reader is useful to make bills at shopping mall. True

 

5. The data is stored in a golden chip on a smart card. True
6. A Modem is useful to access internet. True
7. Printers are very useful to transfer photographs in computer. False
8. A Blu Ray disc can store very less data compared to a DVD. False

9.Data stored on a pen drive cann't be deleted. False

10. Hard disk is a storage device. True

 

Q.3. Explain in Short the use of the following devices.

 

1.Touch screen -

Touch Screen computers and mobiles can be used by touching it’s screen by finger. You Must have seen  touch screen mobiles. A touch screen device recognizes finger touch and then it responds accordingly. Touch screen devices very easy and interesting to use.

 

2. Barcode header –

We see bar codes on different products  sold  in market Bar Code Stores all the information about the product. Bar code  readers are used to read and transfer this information to computer. It is very useful to quickly transfer all the information in Computer and to prepare bills.

 

 

 

3. Pen drive –

Pen drive, which is also known as flash drive is very small and easily transportable Storage device. The storage  capacity of latest pen drive varies from 16 GB of to 256 GB. It is  very popular because of its small size and high storage capacity.

 

4. Hard disk –

Hard disk drive i.e. HDD is fixed inside CPU. It can store lots of data. Hard disk is kept in an air tight metal box and inside there are many metal disks to record and store data. The data stored on hard disk can be used any time. The latest hard ycan store data more than 2 TB.

 

5. Touchpad -

Touchpad are mostly seen on laptop Compute Touchpad can be used instead of mouse. The  arrow on computer screen can be controlled by moving finger on the touchpad.

 

6. Modem -

Modem is the short name of modulator demodulator.  Modems are mainly used to convert analog signal to digital signal and vice versa. Modem are very useful to use internet facility in your computer.

 

 

 

 

7. Web Camera –

A web camera is very useful to provide video input to computer. A web camera can be used to establish video links, allowing computer to act as a video phone. Web camera is also useful for the security purpose.

 

8. Dot Matrix Printer –

Dot Matrix Printer print using thiy dots produced by small pins the output of Dot Matrix printer is not very good. They are noisy printers  They are very useful to print on continues papers.

 

9. Speaker -

Speaker are used to listen the sound generated by computer Computers have in built sound card which produces the sound. There are necessary sockets  in the computer where we can  easily connect speakers.

 

Q.4. Write the full form of the following.

1. DVD – Digital Versatile Disk
2. HDD – Hard Disk Drive
3. I/O – Input / Output
4. Modem – Modulator Demodulator

 

 

Q.5. Answer the following questions.

1. Write names of any five input devices.

Ans.  The names of input devices are Touchpad, smart  card, reader, Bar code reader, scanner, web Camera.

2. What is the use of a projector ?

Ans. At home a projector can be used as a home theater to watch TV. Shows and movies.  In business it can be used to conduct meetings and seminars. In schools and collage, it can be used to teach different subjects.

3. What is the use of a smart card ?

Ans. Smart card are used to store very sensitive and confidential data in a micro chip.

4. Write a short note on Touch screen Touch screen.

Ans. Touch screen computer and mobiles can be used by touching it's screen by finger. Touch screen computers are kept on railway Station to get details about trains. A touch Screen device re cognizes finger touch and then it responds accordingly.

5. Write names of any three storage device ?

Ans. 1) Hard Disk, 2) DVD, 3) Blu Ray Disc.

6. Write the name of three most common type of printers ?

Ans. 1) Dot Matrix, 2) Inkjet, 3)Laser.

 

 

 

7. What is the function of Modem in Computer ?

Ans.Modem is the short  name of Modulator Demodulator. Modems are very useful to use internet facility in your computer. There are two basic types of Modems external modem and Internal modem.

8.Write short note on Bly Ray disc?

And. Blu Ray disc are like DVDS and used to store data. The Storage capacity of Blu Ray disc is much more than a DVD. The latest Bly Ray disc BD-XL can store up to 128 GB of data. We need a Bly Ray disc player to use Bly Ray disc.

9. How scanners are useful ?

Ans. Scanners is very useful device to transfer photographs and important documents in computer.

10. What is Pen drive ? Write it’s usage.

Ans. Pen drive which is also known as flash drive is very small and easily transportable storage device. The data stored on a pen drive can be deleted as well as modify and so it is more useful than a normal DVD.

11. Write a short note on Inkjet printer.

Ans. Inkjet printers use ink which is sprinkled on paper to produce output. Inkjet printer are show and expensive but can print in multi color.

12. Write a short note on Laser Printer.

Ans. Laser printers print using laser technology. Laser printer can print with high speed and can produce very sharp graphical output.

 

Q.6. Differential.

1. Blu Ray Disc and DVD

Blu Ray Disc	DVD
Blu Ray Disc are like DVD and used to store data.	DVD is used to store software, programs, songs, movies and games.
We need a Blu Ray Disc player to use Blu Ray Disc.	We need a DVD drive to use DVD.
Storage capacity more than DVD.	Storage capacity normal 4.7 GB double 8.5 GB

 

2. Touch pad and Touch screen

Touch pad	Touch screen
Touch pad are mostly seen on laptop.	Touch screen are seen on the computer and mobile.
Touch pad can be used instead of mouse.	Mouse is not required as screen works mouse.
The arrow on computer screen can be controlled by moving finger on the touchpad	A touch Screen device recognizes finger touch and then it respond a accordingly.

3. Input device and Output device

Input device	Output device
Those device which are osed to input data in computer are known as input device.	Those device which are used to produce the result given by a computer is known as output device.
Mouse and keyboard are most common input device.	Monitor and Printer are most common output device.
Ex. Scanner, web camera, smart card reader.	Ex. Printer, speaker, projector.

 

4. DVD and pen drive

DVD	Pen drive
The full form of DVD is Digital Versatile Disk.	Pen drive is also known as flash drive.
DVD is used to store software, program, song etc.	Pen drive is very small and easily transportable storage device.
You need a DVD drive to use DVD.	No drive is used.

 

 

Std – IV A/B Computer Semester – 2         Chapter – 4 Wordpad Chapter – 5 Generation of Computers Chapter – 6 LOGO part - 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter – 4 Wordpad

Q.1. Say whether the following statements are True or False.

 

1. We cannot insert date and time in a WordPad file. False
2. There are three control buttons on the title bar of WordPad. True
3. The 'Paragraph' group is in the View tab of WordPad. False
4. "Grow font' button is used to increase the font size. True
5. You can select an entire paragraph by triple clicking anywhere on the paragraph. True
6. 'Start a list' option is in the 'Insert' group. False
7. We can not change the size of the inserted picture. False

 

8. 'Replace Whole' button is used to replace all the words. False
9. Superscript is used to write lowered text. False
10. Increase Indent is used to increase right margin of WordPad document. False

 

Q.2. Answer the following questions.

1. Write any three features of Wordpad which are not available in notepad.

Ans. You can change the line spacing you can insert date and time You can find a Specific word and replace it with other. (find & Replace).

2. Explain any three options of paragraph group of WordPad.

Ans. The options of Paragraph group of word pad is…Align text left, Align text right, center.

3.Explain any four text formatting options.

Ans. Editing group is useful for finding Specific text from the file and replace with other text. It is also used to Select entire content of the file Clicking on select all button will select the entire content of the file you may  also use Shortcut key Ctrl + A  to select all  content of the file.

4. What can be inserted in a Word Pad file using Insert group ?

 Ans. The insert group is Useful to insert picture, paint, drawing date /time and other objects.

 

 

 

5. What is the use of Quick Access Toolbar of WordPad ?

Ans. The Quick Access Toolbar shows the button which we need to use frequently we can add or  remove buttons. In quick  Access Toolbar using Customize quick access toolbar button, By default it shows save, undo and Redo buttons.

6. Explain any five. Options of Paragraph group of WordPad.

Ans. Center, Align text left,  Align text night, justify.

7. Explain the process of find and replace.

Ans. Click the replace button of editing group or press ctrl + H. You will get the replace dialog box. Type India in the final what box and Hindustan in the replace with box select the match whole word only option, so that Wordpad will find word India only and will not final those words where India is a part of its spelling ex. Indian. Now click on replace all button.

8. Explain the different ways to save the Wordpad file ? Explain.

Ans. Save the file with the name Example 1 by selecting save option from Wordpad menu. The Wordpad file is saved with .rtf ( rich  text format) extension by default.

9. What is different between Numbered list and Bulleted list ?

Ans. i) Numbered list -  Uses Some Serial numbers or alphabets in proper order.

2) Bulleted list – Uses some symbol (o, *,à etc.) representing each list.

 

 

10. How to insert a picture in a Wordpad file ?

Ans. Click the picture button from insert group. This will display select picture dialog box. Select the picture of your choice and click open button. This will insert selected picture in the document.

 

Q.3. Write short note.

1. Ribbon

Ribbon is located just under the Title bar and Contains short cuts to Commands. The Wordpad Ribbon has two tabs namely Home and View.

2. Creating lists in WordPad

Lists are very useful to group related information together. There are two major types of lists namely numbered list and Bulleted list. Numbered list uses some  numbers or  alphabets in increasing order for each list item and bulleted list each list uses some  symbol representing each list item.

3. Paragraph alignment

The cursor on the date line and click 'Align text right option from paragraph group. This will bring the date on the right Side of the screen. The cursor  on the heading line and click 'center option from paragraph group. This will bring the heading in the  Center of the Screen.

4. View tab of WordPad

The view tab of WordPad has tools to change the view of WordPad screen. It has three groups of icons like zoom, show or hide and setting.

5. Line spacing in WordPad

Paragraph group change the line spacing as 1.0 and remove the tick mark from the option add 10 pt space after paragraph now, there will not be any extra blank spaces between lines.

6. Match case option of find and replace.

It you select the match case option then it will find those words which matches the lower and upper case characters. Ex. Selecting this will not fine words like INDIA, india etc.

 

Q.4. Fill in the blanks.

1. The extension of WordPad file is .doc.
2. Ctrl + A shortcut key is used to select entire Wordpad file.
3. Justify option is useful to align paragraph on both left and right side.
4. Zoom buttons are in status bar.
5. Ctrl + H is the shortcut key for find and replace in WordPad.
6. Ctrl + J is shortcut key is used to justify a paragraph in WordPad.
7. Find and replace option is in editing group of home tab of WordPad.
8. Paint drawing option is in the insert group of home tab of WordPad.
9. There will be 8 handles around the selected picture in WordPad.
10. Cut, copy and paste are three important buttons of clipboard group of WordPad.

Chapter – 5 Generation of Computers

Q.1. Match the following.

A	Ans	B
First generation	Vaccum tubes	Micro processor
Fourth generation	Micro processor	Artificial intelligence
Third generation	Integrated circuits	Vacuum tubes
Fifth generation	Artificial intelligence	Transistor
Second generation	Transistor	Integrated circuits

 

Q.2. Answer the following questions.

1. How would be the fifth generation of Computer ?

Ans. Scientists are working hard towards the development of fifth generation of Computer. These computers will take decision based on artificial intelligence. Scientists are trying to build such computer that can understand and process the verbal instruction given in spoken language.

2. Write the full form of ENIAC and EDVAC.

Ans. ENIAC – Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator.

EDVAC – Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer.

3. Write any three fractures of second generation of Computer.

Ans. Small in size compared to first generation of Computer. Punch cards were used for input and output faster than first generation of Computer. Assembly language were used to do programming.

4. Write full form of IC and VLSI.

Ans. IC – Integrated Circuits,  VLSI – Very Large scale Integration.

5. Write names of any two programming language used by third generation of Computer.

Ans. High level language like COBOL, FORTRAN were used to do programming language used by third generation of Computer.

6. What are the limitations of first generation of Computer ?

Ans. The limitations of first generation of Computer are as follow.

• Air conditioning was required.
• Very slow speed.
• Limited programming capabilities.
• Used machine language only.

 

Q.3. Say whether the following statements are True or False.

1. Programming on First Generation of computer was very easy. False
2. Third Generation of computer was developed due to the invention of transistor. False
3. Fourth Generation of computer has networking. True
4. COBOL and FORTRON languages were developed during Third Generation of computer. True
5. Thousands of components can be fitted on a micro processor using IC technology. False
6. Fifth Generation of computer will have Artificial Intelligence. True
7. Transistors produce more heat compared to vacuum tubes. False
8. Fifth Generation has started from year 2000. False

 

Q.4. Write short note.

1. First Generation.

The first generation of Computer were made up of values i.e. Vaccum tubes. EDVAC – Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer are example of first generation of Computer.

2. Second Generation.

The development of second generation of Computer were due to the intention of transistors. Transistors were very small in size compared to Vaccum tubes. They also generation less heat. A small transistor was equivalent to many Vaccum tubes.

3. Third Generation.

The development of third generation of Computer were due to the invention of Integrated Circuits, many transistors were fixed on a silicon chip which reduced the size of the computer and made it more efficient and useable.

4. Fourth Generation.

The development of fourth generation of Computer were due to the invention of micro processor. Thousands of components user fitted in a micro processor using VLSI technology. The speed and efficiency of Computer increased and size and price of the computer is decreased.

 

 

 

 

 

Chapter – 6 LOGO Part – 1

 

Q.1. Fill in the blanks.

1. LOGO is a computer programming language. (Word, LOGO, WordPad)
2. There are 5 menus in the menu bar of LOGO. (5, 6, 8)
3. The diagram drawn by LOGO can be seen in graphics area (Work Area, Picture Area, Graphics Area)
4. Bye command is used to quit LOGO program. (Quit, Exit, Bye)
5. BK LOGO command is used to move the turtle backward. (BK, BKS, BS)
6. RT command turns the turtle head in right direction. (left, right, up) 7. CS command is used to erase the LOGO drawing made by turtle. (CSC, SC, CS)
7. To draw a square in LOGO, the value of RT or LT command will be 90 (60, 90, 45)
8. If the value of all five angles is 72 then it will draw Pentagon diagram. (hexagon, rectangle, pentagon)
9. Home LOGO command brings the turtle to its home position.

(House, Back, Home)

11. PU LOGO command is used to stop the pen of turtle. (PC, PU, PD)
12. The value of RT or LT should be 144 to draw a star in LOGO. (90, 144,72)

 

Q.2. Say whether the following statements are True or False.

 

1. LOGO can be used to create text file. False
2. The small triangle in graphics area of LOGO is called turtle. True
3. The text written in text area of LOGO can be erased using CT command. True
4. We can close LOGO program using File-Quit option. False
5. ST command makes turtle disappear. False
6. The LOGO command PD is used to put the turtle's pen down. True 7. We can not draw rectangle using BK command. False
7. The CLEAN command brings the turtle in the middle of the screen. False
8. RT 36 can be used to draw a closed diagram with 10 sides. True
9. We can write only one command on line in LOGO. False

 

Q.3. Answer the following questions.

1. Why LOGO is famous among school going children ?

Ans. LOGO is very popular among school students because of its simplicity and easy to learn and understand. The full form of LOGO is logic oriented graphics oriented.

2. What is Turtle in LOGO ?

Ans. The small triangle in the center of the logo screen is known as Turtle. We can draw different shapes by moving the turtle from one place to another.

3. Which are the three methods to close LOGO program ?

Ans. Click on the close button to exit LOGO or type bye in the text area and press enter or go to file menu and select.

4. What is text area in LOGO ?

Ans. The commands given to the LOGO is written here. User writes the LOGO commands in the text box  displayed at the bottom of the screen.

5. How will you decide the measurements of angle while making drawing in LOGO ?

Ans. The total of all the angles of a closed diagram where the lines are not crossing each other will be always 360°. That is why to draw a square or a rectangle the measure of the four angles should be 90 because a square or a rectangle would have 4 angles. So, 4×90 = 360. Similarly for a Pentagon there are five angles so 5×72=360, for a hexagon there are six angles. So 6×60=360.

6. Explain CLEAN and HOME commands.

Ans. CLEAN command is used to clean the drawing from the screen. CLEAN command does not change the place of the turtle. CLEAN command only clears the screen but does not bring the turtle at home position. Home command brings the turtle back to its home position from wherever it was and will draw line on that path also.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q.4. Differential.

1. FD and BK

FD	BK
FD means Forward	BK means Backward
FD command is used to move the turtle in the forward direction.	BK command is used to move the turtle in the backward direction.
Ex. FD 50 will move the turtle 50 steps in forward direction and a line will be drawn.	Ex. BK 75 will move turtle 75 steps in backward direction and a line will be drawn.

 

2. RT and LT

RT	LT
RT means right turn.	LT means left turn.
RT command is used to turn the turtle’s head in the right direction.	LT command is used to move the turtle’s head in the left direction.
Ex. RT 90 will turn the turtle’s head with 90° degree in the right direction.	Ex. LT 45 will turn the turtle’s head With 45° degree in the left direction.

 

3. CS and CT

CS	CT
CS means clear screen.	CT means clear text.
CS command is used to clear the drawing from the LOGO screen.	CT command is used to clear the commands written in text area.

 

4. HT and ST

HT	ST
HT means hide turtle.	ST means show turtle.
Using HT command we can hide the turtle from the screen.	ST command display the hidden turtle back on the screen.

 

5. PU and PD

PU	PD
PU means pen up.	PD means pen down.
This command will lift the pen of turtle up and turtle will not draw any line.	This command will put the turtle’s pen down so that it can draw lines.